Journal: The Cell Surface

Article Title: Compromising UPD-sugar nucleotide biosynthesis attenuates Candida albicans viability, virulence and drug sensitivity ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2026.100170

Figure Lengend Snippet: Host cell damage and virulence capacity of mutants in sugar nucleotide biosynthesis. (A) Mutants grown in +/− 25 μg/ml Dox screened for epithelial damage using A-431 cells by LDH assay. The mean LDH released at 24 h post co-incubation is shown for repressed mutants (grown in presence of Dox; blue bars) and No-Dox controls (red bars). Red and blue horizontal lines indicate the mean LDH activity for wild type control (No-Dox) and wild type grown in presence of Dox respectively. Welsh t-test used for statistical analysis; error bars represent standard error of mean; p**** < 0.0001. (B) Survival plots of G. mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans mutants in: (I) GDP-mannose, (II) UDP-glucose and (III) UDP- N -acetylglucosamine biosynthesis in presence (solid lines) and absence (dotted lines) of Dox. No killing or improved survival was observed for a number of repressed mutants. No killing was observed in control larvae injected with equivalent volume of PBS. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Human epithelial cells derived from a vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (A-431 cell line; ATCC No.: CRL-1555) were cultured and maintained in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% ( v /v) heat inactivated foetal calf serum, 5% penicillin and 5% streptomycin.

Techniques: Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay, Incubation, Activity Assay, Control, Infection, Injection

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Herbicolin A, an antifungal lipopeptide produced by Pantoea agglomerans APC 4211 is a promising biocontrol agent against food spoilage fungi

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.21.726617

Figure Lengend Snippet: Barplots showing percentage of viability of S9 epithelial cells following administration of different concentrations of herbicolin A (HrbA) and B (HrbB) (1: 0.5, 2: 2.5, 3: 10, and 4: 50 μg/mL). NC: negative control represents no treatment. PC: Positive control represents 1% Triton X. Box-and-whisker plots show the median (horizontal line), interquartile range (box), and minimum and maximum values (whiskers). Data are shown as individual values with group means. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Holm-corrected pairwise Student’s t -tests. The equation shown at the top of the plot reveals the statistical model used for comparisons. The values shown at the bottom of the plot indicate the ANOVA results, including the F-statistic with degrees of freedom, the associated p-value, and the effect size with 95% confidence interval.

Article Snippet: Human airway epithelial cells (S9) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (LGC Promochem, Wesel, Germany) (no. CRL-2778).

Techniques: Negative Control, Positive Control, Whisker Assay